Diagram of inferior pharyngeal constrictor12/19/2023 ![]() ![]() 3, 5 The middle constrictor then inserts in the posterior midline to the pharyngeal raphe. These muscles make up the inner layer of musculature - they act to elevate (shorten and widen) the pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking. The middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle originates from greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone and the stylohyoid ligament which runs from the styloid process in the skull base to the minor processes of the hyoid bone. These results provide information that will help a comprehensive understanding of the effects of pharyngeal muscles on movement. superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Inner/longitudinal muscles. ![]() The variant muscle bundles play their own role in pharyngeal movement according to their morphology. It inserts into the pharyngeal raphe inferior to the superior pharyngeal constrictor. A variation of the STP, in which it ran transversely and merged with the SC muscle, was found in 2.3% (1/44) of cases while a variation of the SC muscle, in which it ran longitudinally and merged with the contralateral constrictors, was found in 11.4% (5/44). The middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle is also a broad muscle with an origin that extends from the hyoid bone and then up the stylohyoid ligament that extends from the hyoid bone to the styloid process of the temporal bone. The accessory bundle of STP and petropharyngeus was found in 18.2% (8/44) and 25.0% (11/44) of cases, respectively. Forty-four specimens (22 right and 22 left sides) from embalmed Korean adult cadavers (13 males, 9 females age range, 46–89 years mean age, 69.2 years) were used in this study. The aims of this study were to clarify the topography and variations stylopharyngeus (STP) and superior constrictor (SC) muscles, and to examine what role they play in the pharyngeal movement. ![]()
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